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Blue-green deployment is a deployment strategy that aims to minimize downtime and reduce risks associated with software releases. This approach involves maintaining two identical production environments: one that is currently live (the "blue" environment) and one that is idle (the "green" environment). When a new version of the application is ready for deployment, it is deployed to the green environment.

Once the new version has been thoroughly tested in the green environment and is confirmed to be operational without issues, traffic is switched from the blue environment to the green environment. This switch occurs almost instantaneously, minimizing the time users experience disruptions, which is crucial for maintaining service availability.

This deployment technique also allows for easy rollback. If any issues arise in the green environment after the switch, reverting to the blue environment is a straightforward process. This significantly mitigates the risks often associated with deploying new code.

Thus, blue-green deployment effectively addresses the challenges of downtime and risks during deployment by ensuring that users have continuous access to the application and that the transition between versions is seamless.