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Using the GitHub Checks API in conjunction with Azure Pipelines for public projects necessitates the authentication type of a GitHub App. This is due to the specific permissions and capabilities that GitHub Apps provide, which are essential for effectively interfacing with GitHub’s Checks API.

GitHub Apps offer a more secure and flexible approach compared to other authentication methods. They allow for fine-grained permissions tailored specifically to the needs of the application, enabling it to perform actions such as creating check runs, updating check statuses, and integrating seamlessly with GitHub's workflow.

Additionally, GitHub Apps are designed to be used in an automated workflow scenario like CI/CD pipelines; they can act on behalf of users without needing any personal access tokens linked to individual accounts, enhancing security and accountability. Since public projects may have many collaborators and may require more robust control mechanisms, the functionality provided by GitHub Apps aligns perfectly with these requirements.

In contrast, while personal access tokens (PATs) might provide access to the GitHub API, they are tied to individual user accounts and can pose security risks. SAML is primarily used for enterprise single sign-on solutions and doesn’t apply directly to the context of GitHub applications and pipeline integrations. OpenID is more about authentication rather than